The sonogram is unremarkable except for a 3-cm, well-defined mass with a central scar in the left kidney. A 40-year-old woman is referred for a renal sonogram after discovery of microscopic hematuria. Renal cell carcinoma with venous invasionģ. Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal sinus and urinary bladder Calculi with partial ureteral obstruction Small, echogenic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing are seen at the base of the bladder at the insertion site of the ureter color Doppler reveals a "twinkle sign." What is the most likely diagnosis? ![]() The left kidney appears mildly hydronephrotic. A young patient with right flank pain, hematuria, and nausea and vomiting undergoes a renal sonogram. These findings are most consistent with:Ģ. The bladder is also scanned, and no ureteral jet can be identified on the left. A dilated left renal collecting system and proximally dilated ureter are identified. A 51-year old man presents with severe left flank pain and hematuria and is referred for an abdominal sonogram. There is a clear interest in this training because several US curricula have been outlined across the stages of medical training.1. The modification of fellowships, residencies, and medical undergraduate programs to incorporate US training will require significant program support, the availability of machines and qualified instructors, and mechanisms for assessing competency. Additionally, thorough interpretation has not yet been fully integrated into medical education, necessitating additional training and effort. It may enhance nephrologists’ ability to acquire and interpret images, regardless of their baseline skill. Artificial intelligence may mitigate these issues. Manual measurements of the length and volume entail manual labor and may introduce intrarater and interrater variability. Subjective interpretation of images persists, resulting in interrater variability. Clinically acceptable images, which may be technically complex to achieve, require considerable expertise. In all derivatives, image acquisition and interpretation fall under operator dependencies and remain barriers to its use. We described the current applications and future directions of ultrasound imaging and its variants in the context of chronic kidney disease and transplantation in this review. Given the trend toward ubiquity, the current use of kidney ultrasound demands a full understanding of its breadth as it and its variants become available. Ultrasound is rapidly growing more widely accessible and is now available even in handheld formats that allow for bedside ultrasound examinations. ![]() Ultrasound and its derivatives have been studied for their diagnostic and prognostic significance in chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation. ![]() Ultrasound enables the assessment of both structural (form and size) and functional (perfusion and patency) aspects of kidneys, both of which are especially important as the disease progresses. It uses nonionizing radiation, is noninvasive, and generates real-time images, making it the ideal initial radiographic test for patients with abnormal kidney function. Ultrasound imaging is a key investigatory step in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.
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